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Country · Source records

Morocco

People, offices and institutional evidence across the available sources.

African sovereign country in the existing country registry.

4,285Source observations
5Institutional relationships

People and office observations

Each row is a source observation, not a unique person or a continuous term. Annual snapshots, research waves and dated events keep their own date precision. Initials appear where these datasets supply no portrait.

Clear

Dated snapshot

Faouzi LEKJAA

Min.-Del. for the Budget

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 22; Min.-Del. for the Budget

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Amal El Fallah SEGHROUCHNI

Min.-Del. for Digital Transition & Administrative Reform

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 23; Min.-Del. for Digital Transition & Administrative Reform

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Karim ZIDANE

Min.-Del. for Investment, Convergence, & Policy Evaluation

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 24; Min.-Del. for Investment, Convergence, & Policy Evaluation

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Abdellatif LOUDIYI

Min.-Del. for National Defense Administration

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 25; Min.-Del. for National Defense Administration

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Mustapha BAITAS

Min.-Del. for Parliamentary Relations & Government Spokesperson

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 26; Min.-Del. for Parliamentary Relations & Government Spokesperson

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Abdellatif JOUAHRI

Governor, Bank al-Magrib

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 27; Governor, Bank al-Magrib

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Youssef AMRANI

Ambassador to the US

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 28; Ambassador to the US

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Omar HILALE

Permanent Representative to the UN, New York

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 29; Permanent Representative to the UN, New York

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Younes SEKKOURI

Min. of Economic Inclusion, Small Business, Employment, & Skills

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 4; Min. of Economic Inclusion, Small Business, Employment, & Skills

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Nadia FETTAH Alaoui

Min. of Economy & Finance

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 5; Min. of Economy & Finance

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Leila BENALI

Min. of Energy Transition & Sustainable Development

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 6; Min. of Energy Transition & Sustainable Development

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Nasser BOURITA

Min. of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation, and Expatriates

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 7; Min. of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation, and Expatriates

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Ahmed TOUFIQ

Min. of Habous & Islamic Affairs

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 8; Min. of Habous & Islamic Affairs

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Amine TAHRAOUI

Min. of Health & Social Services

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 9; Min. of Health & Social Services

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dated snapshot

Azzedine EL MIDAOUI

Min. of Higher Education, Scientific Research, & Innovation

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: 20 Nov 2024.

Evidence location: Morocco; leaders; row 10; Min. of Higher Education, Scientific Research, & Innovation

Dataset: CIA World Leaders roster observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition public-rosters-v1

Attribution: Central Intelligence Agency, World Leaders: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. Country and edition URLs accompany each observation.

Licence: Public domain (unmarked US government material) (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

  • A roster observation is not an appointment date or evidence of continuous service.
  • Edition dates and retrieval dates do not establish current service. Country source update dates can be much older.
  • CIA observations have not all been independently checked against national appointment records.
  • Names are retained as published; people are not merged across sources by name.
  • Diplomats, central bank officers and other listed officials are not automatically cabinet members.
  • Blank names are unspecified information; only an explicit vacancy label is recorded as a reported vacancy.
  • Refreshes replace this catalog version, including the last live-page capture. Published monthly archive editions are retained; daily captures are not a complete change history.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Mohammed Vi

King

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158645; id=MAR-1935

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Aziz Akhannouch

Prime Min.

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158646; id=MAR-1936

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Ahmed Bouari

Min. Of Agriculture, Fisheries, Rural Development, & Water And Forests

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158647; id=MAR-1937

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Younes Sekkouri

Min. Of Economic Inclusion, Small Business, Employment, & Skills

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158648; id=MAR-1938

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Nadia Fettah Alaoui

Min. Of Economy & Finance

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158649; id=MAR-1939

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Leila Benali

Min. Of Energy Transition & Sustainable Development

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158650; id=MAR-1940

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Nasser Bourita

Min. Of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation, And Expatriates

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158651; id=MAR-1941

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Ahmed Toufiq

Min. Of Habous & Islamic Affairs

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158652; id=MAR-1942

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Amine Tahraoui

Min. Of Health & Social Services

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158653; id=MAR-1943

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Azzedine El Midaoui

Min. Of Higher Education, Scientific Research, & Innovation

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158654; id=MAR-1944

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Ryad Mezzour

Min. Of Industry & Trade

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158655; id=MAR-1945

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Abdelouafi Laftit

Min. Of Interior

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158656; id=MAR-1946

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Abdellatif Ouahbi

Min. Of Justice

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158657; id=MAR-1947

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Mohamed Saad Berrada

Min. Of National Education, Preschool, & Sports

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158658; id=MAR-1948

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Annual snapshot

Fatima Ezzahra El Mansouri

Min. Of National Lands, Housing, & Urban Planning & Policy

Jul 2025

A source snapshot; it does not establish a start date, end date or current service.

The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab)Source updated: Date unknown
Dates and source evidence

Observation: Jul 2025. Precision: month.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: WhoGov_within_V4.0.csv; CSV data record 158659; id=MAR-1949

Dataset: The WhoGov Project (opens in a new tab) · Edition 4.0

Attribution: Nyrup, Jacob; Stuart Bramwell; Gabriel Lönn; Kristiansen, Ina Lyftingsmo; Schmid, Jonas Willibald; Matthews, Austin; Thoma, Andreina; Javier Padilla Moreno-Torres; Langsæther, Peter Egge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik, 2026, "The WhoGov Project", https://doi.org/10.18710/OLPOZK, DataverseNO. Nyrup, Jacob, and Stuart Bramwell. 2020. "Who governs? A new global dataset on members of cabinets." American Political Science Review 114(4): 1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000490.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: 26 Aug 2026.

  • Annual observations do not establish tenure dates or continuous service.
  • Snapshots: September 1966, January 1970 and July otherwise; no exact day.
  • Source row IDs and standardized names do not resolve person identities.
  • Missing names mean unspecified by this dataset, not verified vacancies.
  • Role classifications and flags are publisher research coding, not legal conclusions.
  • Demographic and party columns are excluded from this extract.
  • Excluded 10 African narrative rows classified STATEMENT.
  • Pinned source file SHA-256: a8c82b8f0f96775c7944684c5dcf42ddedf0bd706dad43bcd150b67e2edff0c8.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Dataset limitations
  • Source observations are not continuous tenures or independently verified current rosters.
  • Names and source identifiers are not merged into people without separate identity evidence.
  • Jurisdiction labels describe source coverage and do not determine sovereignty or recognition.
  • Accountability, appointment and membership are different from reporting relationships.