Cote d'Ivoire

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=9bafd0cd-d17e-49ec-9ecc-137d4d91bd66; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=f57a67ca9e45c5a86c6463b21e1ba0605ac29491c35f224c619fddd6301bed6a

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=da5b22e0-ce98-4e42-a343-a1aa19b1d134; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=f642784540fba9945aebf2afe5d84b47114baf805dd8790077e141c6f8ba266c

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=3933a720-42fb-43c2-b8e2-2433de0124c0; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=f69aa6a67ba23048820c9851b596c6cc5aa29ce064b5040166349fd9c6b66e4b

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=4b962db5-59c8-42b8-970d-103b57a7f1c6; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=f76310ec6737c4105fe8413e935b57c66c837dee85084ad5f8e4d7855d8c8ad4

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=5f42e633-dde3-4423-86aa-194fe52c1e70; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=f9670aa2088eae0e05a07151503fce162cebd3de11b9d91da9f1b4367007c960

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=3499db3e-9c40-4e36-a01d-29b093187b29; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=f9bef2e59cee7a50c69a8a0cf2f66f0d39db4b92bbb42af6c1b0e86587cb5e9b

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=6f1255b6-25d7-4f08-9e18-525eec1636d9; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=fd2ed8b0407fe01d53ae7af7c6dce9524c404b0adc7ef3bee2fe8f0e676aaeee

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=bde33200-51d2-409e-b32f-63a0f711b516; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=fd9b30c8c104c1fecff129ca4ada0d4ab1b96ac942157efc7d8e00633fa4a96d

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=66fadc9f-21ca-4efb-a182-1293f1d3455b; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=ff547420b4c0dc5e09149cd8d9a624676ea47cb6356e630feac13c53e5a8bf69

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Observation date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: memberships: person_id=3fa01e16-cbf6-4f33-a546-57451e86529d; legislative_period_id=term/2.2; sha256=ffa9af13a4428c98cf4403aa9df57fc307df92f6f87f050e170b23d78c897746

Dataset: Original EveryPolitician historical African legislatures (opens in a new tab) · Edition africa-archive-2026-09-18

Attribution: mySociety / original EveryPolitician archive. The publisher describes the data as available for anyone to use. Original sources, archive commits and source identifiers accompany records. No licence is asserted for linked portraits, biographies or source documents. This is not the later OpenSanctions commercial PEP dataset.

Licence: Publisher reuse invitation; no named data licence found (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 18 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• An inactive historical archive is not a current-officeholder roster.
• Legislative period dates do not establish individual service dates.
• Source identifiers and names are not independently resolved people.
• Membership observations do not establish reporting relationships.
• Party labels and constituencies retain their source-era meaning.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 112453; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 112453; office slot 2

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 112453; office slot 3

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 112527; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115696; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115696; office slot 2

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115696; office slot 3

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115697; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115697; office slot 2

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115698; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115699; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115699; office slot 2

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Office date unknown. Precision: unknown.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115700; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115701; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115702; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115703; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115704; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115705; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115706; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.

Observation: Research window 2010–2013. Precision: range.

Source published: Date unknown. Source updated: Date unknown.

Evidence location: GLP v1 person 115707; office slot 1

Dataset: Global Leadership Project v1 public office observations (opens in a new tab) · Edition v1-f3bb5baa34e4

Attribution: John Gerring, Connor T. Jerzak and Erzen Öncel (2024), The Composition of Descriptive Representation, American Political Science Review 118(2), 784–801; doi:10.1017/S0003055423000680. GLP v1 author-hosted public role projection. Copyright 2025, Gerring, Jerzak, and Öncel. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Licence: MIT (opens in a new tab)

Retrieved 17 Sept 2026. Dataset publication: Date unknown.

• Research waves cover 2010–2013 and 2017–2019. They are not exact tenure dates or current rosters.
• Office slots are not assigned to individual waves. Roles for people appearing in both waves retain unknown observation dates.
• Conflicting or absent wave fields are retained with unknown observation dates.
• Source person identifiers are not independently verified identities and are not merged with Wikidata people by name.
• Source classifications include party and related offices as well as government roles; these are not all cabinet positions.
• Rows with no published office class or position are counted in qualification but excluded from office observations.
• Demographic, contact, family and private-life fields are excluded from this import.

Portraits are not supplied with these source observations. Initials are used for identification.